HSK 5
包括
bāokuò
to include
Structure
Subject (Whole) + 包括 + Object (Parts/Components)
How it works
The verb '包括' (bāokuò) means 'to include,' 'to comprise,' or 'to consist of.' It is used to list components that make up a whole or to specify that a particular person or thing is part of a larger group.
Examples
房租包括水电费吗？
Fángzū bāokuò shuǐdiànfèi ma?
Does the rent include utilities (water and electricity)?
我们班一共有二十个学生，包括五名留学生。
Wǒmen bān yīgòng yǒu èrshí gè xuéshēng, bāokuò wǔ míng liúxuéshēng.
There are twenty students in our class in total, including five international students.
这次会议的费用由公司承担，包括往返机票。
Zhè cì huìyì de fèiyòng yóu gōngsī chéngdān, bāokuò wǎngfǎn jīpiào.
The expenses for this meeting are covered by the company, including round-trip airfare.
Common mistakes
Don't confuse '包括' with '包含' (bāohán). While both mean 'to include,' '包含' is often used for abstract things like 'meaning' or 'emotions,' whereas '包括' is used for listing concrete parts of a whole.
Tip
To emphasize that everyone is involved, you can use the structure '包括...在内' (including... within), such as '包括我在内' (including myself).
More HSK 5 grammar
See 包括 in real Chinese
Import an article and tap any sentence using it. The explanation comes back about the sentence in front of you, not a textbook example.
Try InputDojo free