HSK 7-9
综上所述
zōng shàng suǒ shù
To summarize the above; in summary
Structure
综上所述 + (Conclusion/Main point)
How it works
This formal literary expression is used at the end of a speech or an article to summarize the points previously discussed. It functions as a cohesive device to transition into a final conclusion or judgment based on the provided evidence.
Examples
综上所述，该方案具有很高的可行性。
Zōngshàng suǒshù, gāi fāng'àn jùyǒu hěn gāo de kěxíngxìng.
In summary, this plan has a very high level of feasibility.
综上所述，我们必须立即采取有效的环保措施。
Zōngshàng suǒshù, wǒmen bìxū lìjí cǎiqǔ yǒuxiào de huánbǎo cuòshī.
To summarize the above, we must immediately take effective environmental protection measures.
综上所述，双方在合作细节上仍存在分歧。
Zōngshàng suǒshù, shuāngfāng zài hézuò xìjié shàng réng cúnzài fēnqí.
In summary, both parties still have disagreements regarding the details of the cooperation.
Common mistakes
Avoid using this phrase in casual spoken Chinese or text messages; it is strictly reserved for formal essays, academic papers, and professional presentations.
Tip
Think of it as the formal equivalent of '总的来说' (zǒngde láishuō). Use it specifically when you have listed at least two or three different points before reaching the conclusion.
More HSK 7-9 grammar
See 综上所述 in real Chinese
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