JLPT N1
であれ
Even if / No matter
Structure
Noun であれ
How it works
This grammar point is used to express that even in a certain situation or condition, the following statement remains true or unchanged. It is a formal expression often used to emphasize that something applies universally, regardless of the noun that precedes it. Often used in the form 'AであれBであれ' to show that neither case changes the outcome.
Examples
理由が何であれ、無断欠勤は許されない。
No matter what the reason is, being absent without notice is not allowed.
たとえ子供であれ、自分の行動には責任を持つべきだ。
Even if one is a child, they should take responsibility for their own actions.
晴天であれ雨天であれ、試合は予定通り行われます。
Whether it is sunny or rainy, the match will be held as scheduled.
Common mistakes
Do not use 'であれ' with verbs or adjectives directly; it must follow a noun or a noun phrase.
Tip
Think of 'であれ' as a formal, literary version of 'であっても' or 'でも'. It is frequently paired with interrogatives like '何 (what)' or '誰 (who)' to mean 'no matter what/who'.
More JLPT N1 grammar
See であれ in real Japanese
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