JLPT N1
をもって
With / By means of / As of
Structure
Noun をもって
How it works
This formal grammar point has two primary uses: indicating the means or method by which something is done (equivalent to で), and indicating a specific time or limit when something ends or changes (equivalent to まで). It is predominantly used in formal speeches, official announcements, and written business contexts.
Examples
本日の営業は、午後8時をもって終了させていただきます。
Today's business operations will conclude as of 8:00 PM.
彼は卓越した技術をもって、その難問を解決した。
He solved that difficult problem by means of his outstanding skill.
書面をもって、回答に代えさせていただきます。
We will provide our response by means of a written document.
Common mistakes
Do not use this for everyday physical tools (e.g., 'eating with a spoon'); use 'de' instead. 'Wo motte' is reserved for abstract qualities, formal documents, or deadlines.
Tip
To distinguish the two meanings, look for time-related nouns. If the noun is a time or date, it means 'as of / at / until'. Otherwise, it likely means 'by means of'.
More JLPT N1 grammar
See をもって in real Japanese
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