JLPT N1

～ことなしに

Without doing; without having

Structure

Verb-dictionary form + ことなしに

How it works

This phrase expresses that something cannot be achieved or will not happen unless a certain action is taken or a certain condition exists. It emphasizes the necessity of that action/condition.

Examples

協力することなしに、このプロジェクトは成功しないだろう。

Without cooperation, this project will probably not succeed.

Common mistakes

Using it in casual settings; it's quite formal and typically found in written or official contexts.

Tip

It's like a formal, stronger version of 「～しないで」 or 「～なくして」.

More JLPT N1 grammar

いかんによらずをもってをものともせずともなるとであれたりとも~ないに足る極まりない

See ～ことなしに in real Japanese

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