JLPT N1

～なしに

Without X (formal, strong)

Structure

Noun + なしに / Verb-dictionary form + こと + なしに

How it works

This expression means 'without' and is used to indicate that an action or state occurs or is done without something else. It often implies a violation or deviation from the expected process.

Examples

事前の連絡なしに、会場に入ることはできません。

You cannot enter the venue without prior contact.

Common mistakes

Overusing it when simpler forms like 「～ないで」 would suffice, as it carries a more formal and slightly stronger nuance.

Tip

Remember 「なし」 means 'nothing' or 'without'.

More JLPT N1 grammar

いかんによらずをもってをものともせずともなるとであれたりとも~ないに足る極まりない

See ～なしに in real Japanese

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